Thomas e



(No Model.) I 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. A. WHITNEY.

ART OF MAKING PLUMBERS' TRAPS.

Patented Sept. 22, 1885.

A kg my Hm a m w v/ N w WN g I- w o Em Q HUM we a: I:

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

J. A WHITNEY ART OF MAKING PLUMBBRS TRAPS.

Patented Sept. 22, 1885.

IIIIIII M/VE/VTOR ,WZZ?

WITNESSES N. PETERS, Phnlu-Lilhugraphur. Washington. D. C.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets -Sheet a.

'J. A. WHITNEY.

ART OF MAKING PLUMBERS TRAPS. No. 326,611. Patented Sept. 22, 1885.

W/T/VESS. INVE/VTDR uaowg N4 PETERS, PhnfiQLllhogmphcr, wmhin tun. D. c. T

I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES A. WHITNEY, OF DOBBS FERRY, NEXV YORK.

THE ART OF MAKING PLUMBERS" TRAPS.

- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 326,611, dated September 22, 1885. Application filed December 2, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES A. WHITNEY, of Dobbs Ferry, otherwise known as Greenburg, in the county of VVestchester and State of NewYork, have invented certain Improvements in the Manufacture of Plumbers Traps, of which the following is a specification.

- This invention relates to the manufacture of plumbers traps composed of soft metal; and it comprises certain novel means and combinations of parts, whereby the operation. of compressing the lead,after form has been given to the trap by casting, may be rapidly, cheaply, and efficiently performed.

Figure l is a front elevation of an apparatus constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of certain parts thereof. Fig. 3 is a plan view of said apparatus. Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse sectional view of the same. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are detail views on a larger scale of certain parts of said apparatus. Fig. 8 is a side view of a trap such as may be made'by my said invention. A A are the two halves of a die, the cavity at: of which corresponds in shape to that of the traps to be operated upon, the trap itself being primarily cast of lead or equivalent soft metal in the usual manner, and of any of the shapes usual with plumbers traps of soft metal. The cavity of the said die is of course formed one half in each of the parts A A. The part A is fixed or stationary. The part A is hinged at its rearmost edge, as shown at a. Pivoted to the upper or outer side of the part A is the lower end of a toggle-joint, B, the upper end of support, b. The joint b of the toggle-joint aforesaid is actuated by a rod, 0, with an elbow-lever, B, the pivot ot which is shown at b, and the lower arm, 0, of which passes underneath and in contact with a cam, d, on a shaft, D, hereinafter further referred to.

A spring, D, is attached to the lever B in such manner as to throw the upper arm ofsaid lever outward to bend the toggle-joint B in opposition to the action of the cam d, which is arranged to throw the said arm of the said lever inward to straighten the said toggle-j oint, the bending of the toggle-joint tending to lift the upper part, A, of the die, while the straightening of the said togglejoint not only which is pivoted to a fixed f forces downward the said part Aof the die will themselves be open.

E E are rods or cylindrical bars, which are coincident with the two ends of the cavity a a,

and are capable of a longitudinal movement, so asto move inward to and outward from the said cavity. Upon the inner enclof each of these bars E is a circumferential flange, e, which should be of a diameter but slightly less than that of the interior of the end'of the trap when the latter is placed in the cavity a a, as aforesaid.

Placed upon each bar E, at the outer side of the flange (2 thereof, is a ring or band, F, of india-rubber or equivalent yielding or elastic material. This is preferably formed with a small lip, e, which projects over the adjacent circumferential edge of the flange e.

Placed upon each ofthe bars E is a sleeve, G, the inner end of which bears against the outer side of the ring F, so that when the bars E are thrust inward, as hereinafter explained, to bring the rings F within the ends of the trap, and the sleeves G are moved inward against the rings F, the said rings F, while pressed in the direction of the length of the bars E and sleeves G, will be expanded radiallywith a force sufficient to effectually close the ends of the traps against the passage of water or other suitable fluid under pressure within the trap, as hereinafter explained. One of the bars E is hollow-that is to say, is provided with a tubular passage, fand has its outer end capable of longitudinal movement within asleeve or cylindrical casing, D,which connects by a pipe, E, with the barrel F of a pump, the said barrel F being surrounded by a steam-jacket or equivalent heating device, for the purpose hereinafter set forth.

By means of the pump water or other suitable fluid can be forced through the pipe E, sleeve D, and the tubular passage of the lastmentioned bar Einto the interior of the trap,

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as the latter is confined within the cavity a a of the die, notwithstanding any longitudinal movement that may begiven to the said bar E. In order to prevent the escape of the water or other fluid between the sleeve D and the said tubular bar E, asuitablestufling-boxj, should be arranged at the outer end of the sleevcD.

The bars E are moved inward by means of elbowlevers H, the upper ends of which are connected with the said bars E,while thelower ends of said elbow-levers are placed in suitable relation with cams I on shafts J, the fulcra of the said elbow-levers H, and also of other levers,K, just hereinafter referred to, beingindicated at g. Springs h are arranged to draw backward or outwardthe upper arms of the elbow-levers H inopposition to theaction of the cams I. The sleeves G receive their longitudinal movement by the elbow-levers K, the upper arms of which, by means of linksi or otherwise, are connected with the said sleeves, the lower arms of said levers K being arranged in due relation with cams L on the shaft J, which operate the levers Kto move inward the Sl(\6$ G. A reverse movement of the levers K is given by springs k. The shafts J are provided at their rearmost ends with bevel-pinions' l, which gear into bevelpinions m on the ends of the shaft D. The shaft D receives a rotary motion by a belt and pulley, M, or by any other suitable means. Upon said shaft D is a cam, N, which actuates a lever, N, the pivot or fulcrum of which is shown atg, and the rearward endof which is connected with an inverted plunger, a, which passes up through a suitable opening in the part A. The upper end ofthis plunger is so arranged as to be flush with the bottom ot'the lower half of the cavity a a, except when the upper part, A, of the die is lifted and swung back, whereupon the plunger n, actuated by the cam N, rises and lifts the compressed trap, as hereinafter explained, so that it may be readily removed from the apparatus.

P is the piston-rod of a pump, the cylinder of which is shown at F, the outer end of said piston-rod being provided with a rack, r. Into this rack 2' gears a pinion, Q, the shaft S of which is in a position at right angles to that oftheshaftD, audwhich has atits rearmost end a bevel-pinion,t. Placed in front of and parallel with the shaft D is a short countershaft, T, upon which is placed a long spur-pinion, it, which gears into a spur-pinion, w, on the shaft 7 D. Keyeduponthesaidcounter shaftTinsuch manner as to rotate therewith and yet be capable of longitudinal movement thereon, is a sleeve, V, upon each end of which is a bevelpinion,V. The bevel-pinion t of the shaft Sis placed between these pinionsVin such manner as to gear with one or the other of them, according as the sleeve Vis moved in one direction or the other for that purpo e. The boss Mofone oi the bevel pinio IS V is circuinlerentially grooved to receive a collar, n, which is connet-ted to the adjacent end of a lever, I, the

vertical pivot of which is shown'at p. The rearmost end of this lever I is provided with a pin which fits into a cam-groove in the circumference of a disk, J, on the shaft D. This cam-groove actuates the lever I, at suitable intervals to move the slee e V to bring Ofle of the bevelpinions V into gear with the bevel-pinion t, to turn the spur-wheel Q in such direction as to move inward the piston-rod P, and consequently operate the pump-piston within the barrel F to force the water or liquid therefrom into the interior of the trap 11 a, as hereinbefore indicated, whereupon the cam-groove in the disk J operates the said lever to slide the sleeve V to bring the other of the bevel-pinions V in gear with the bevel-pinions 1, thereby leversin the movement of said bevel'pinion, and consequentlythatofthepiston-rodofthepump, thereby causing the pump to withdraw the water or liquid from the trap in we cavity a a. The parts are so proportioned and arranged that the trap, being placed within the cavity a a, and the toggle -joint B being straightened to close the said cavity and hold the part A of the die firmly down upon the part A thereof, the bars E are moved inward until their inner ends are brought within the ends of the trap, whereupon the sleeves G are moved inward to radially expand the rings F, thereby tightly closing the ends of the trap, the walls of the said ends of the trap being snugly confined between the adjacent end surfaces oft-he cavity a a and the radiallyexpanded rings F. The action of the pump, as hereinbefore explained, then forces water or other suitable liquid contained within the barrel F of the said pump into the interior of the trap under any desired pressure, but which is designed to be sutfioient to compress the comparatively porous cast metal of the trap into a solid and practically non-porous state, thereby closing all the interstices through which, in the ordinary cast trap, gases and the like are permitted to escape. The operation of compressing the walls of the trap into the solid and firm condition just mentioned being completed by the forcing into the same of the water or liquid under pressure, asjust described, the return or outward movement of the piston P withdraws the water or liquid from the trap, which done, the reverse movement of the sleeves G permits the radial contraction of the rings F, whereupon the withdrawal of the bars E removes the rings F out of and away from the ends of the trap. This done, the backward bending of the togglejoint B lifts upward the upper part, A, of the die, substantially simultaneous with which occurs the upward movement of the inverted plunger n, which lifts or loosens the trap from the lower part of the cavity, so that it may be readily removed therefrom by the hand of an attendant. This done, another trap is placed in the cavity a a, and the operation is repeated.

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In case di-iiiculty should be apprehended from the presence ofcir within the trap, us opposing the action of" the fluid nude:- pressure therein, the movement of the two burs 1?.- may 5 be so timed that the movement of the tubular one of said bors--thnt to y, the one connected with the pump-t ins, be somewhat in advance of other, so that is closure of 'the opposite end of the trap um be performed ,nt n orient when the liquid forced into the trap one end thereof, as aforesaid, has neon i3; reached thcupposi i of the trap- (UH/i theair has been practically expelled.

order that no excess of pressure need be :5 i'rlcurrod the 'operatiou of the machine, the

pump-barrel may be provided with a safetyvulve whieh will yield and permit the escape ofthe fluid whcuthe pressure exerted exceeds tlielimit I The water or other liquidsuch, for example, us a solution of common salt or of other salts-4s heated steam-jacket I around the pump-cyiindel3 ,in this heated condition nets much more readily aud efioctunlly to compress soft metal than if thefluid were at ordinary teur'crstures, inasmuch as the anti-cu oi the best, even at the temperature oi boiling water, softens the metal and renders it more plastic, and conse 0 quently cnobleslhe pressure to more effectually close the pores and minute Gl'lfiCfiS oi the cast metal, thereby giving a. most remarkable density and solidity to the wells ofthe imp.

When desired, other means of heating the pump-barrel F may be adopted-ns, for cr-za-uiple,by a series of gas-jets orusmull furnace underneath; but in such curewill be quired that the heat does not become excessive. The oust-lend trap, when thus compressed, is

40 converted into n substantially did'ercnt teiial, inasmuch it has lost its porous character, its deleterious property of transmitting gases through its walls, its liability to rapid corrosion i'roz the action of acids, 810., and 5, its liability ti; ,aompnratively rapid oxidation from the facility with which air passes through its substance, and also colzupurative diliiunity of soldering due to its loose and porous texture. in place of these hurtful qualities,

so which detract materially from the value of the trap for act-uni use, it receives by compression a density, solidity, and strength which before were looking, uud which provent the pcrrucution of its suit-stance by air, the trnnsmissiou through-its Walls 01'" noxious gases, and render it stronger and more durable, and also much more readily and easily soldered than before. On the other hand, the trap thus made of compressed cast-load dill'crs from drawn lend, so termed, innsmucll it hasuo fibrous character and is homogeneous, not only as concerns its texture, but "also concerns its tensile in various directions. Compressed east-loud being l h us different i'romcilhcr drown loud. or castlead in its'primitive condition, is possessed of ad vantages, whenembodied in a. plumbers trap, not existing in traps composed of other mate rial, or of lead in other conditions.

For the purposes of this present application, I do not claim a plumbers trap composed of cost compressed soft met-c1, inasmuch as the same constitutes the subjectjmaltter set forth and. claimed in my distinct and separate application for Letters Patent filed on or about 7 5 March 5, A. l). 1883,;bnt-

What I here claim-as myinventionis- Au appziratus'gloi' compressing hollow articles of soft metal) comprising, in combination, the following elements, to wit: A die, having a cavit-y's'ubstautially corresponding to that of the article, devices for closing the ends of the article, devices for injecting a fluid under pressure into the article, and means, substantially as described, for auto- 8 matically operating the end-closing devices, and for iniectiug the fluid underpressure, all

substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

.2. The combination of the die for holding 0 the hollownrticle, find the bans E, constructed and arranged to c'ar-i'y a closingdevice into the ends of. the said article, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

3. The combination of the bar E, having a packing-ring, F, with the die having a cavityv for holding the hollow article, all substantially as andl'or the purpose herein set forth,

4. "Elie bar L, constfucfc'cl with a, tubular passage, f, and a device for closing the end [00 of'the hollow article, incombinntiou with the die having a cavity for holding the hollow article, all substantially as and for the purpose hereiu set forth.

5. The combination of the bars E, having" radinlly'eXp-nuding rings F, the sleeves G, and the die having a cavity for holding the hollow article, substantially as and for the pupose herein set forth.

6', The combination of aber, E, having a ra- [10 diully-expausilale ring, F, a sleeve, G, and means, substantially as described, for giving a, diflering inward movement to the bar E and sleeve G, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

7, The combination of the die for holding the hollow article, a tubular bar, E, having an oxpansible ring, F, a sleeve, G, moans, substantially as described, for forcing fluid i dmpressure into the hollow article, and I20 men-us. substantially as described, for giving a differing movement to the bar E and sleeve G, all substantially as herein set foith.

8. The combination of the die having a cavity for holding the hollow article, pump- 12 barrel 1?, pipe E, and sleeve I), with the tubular bur E, provided with a menus for closing the end of the hollow article, all sub ituutizilly as and for the purpose herein set orths c 9. The combination of the die having a, cavity for holding the hollow article, the bars substantiaiiy agdessribefi, for giving operation 00 the pis'ton of fiche barre zi F, a substantially 3a and for 2m purpnse herein (Ofth. v

; rods 0, am toggle-joinfiii, with the 112.11; A, 01

the (Lie, 11H substaniaily and or the pur- {Q pose herein set imth.

Eifi'nesses: I

THOEIAS GRO -w m,

i in-1 0m RJEILM 

